> Features

A guide to soy sauce

A guide to soy sauce

by Clare Finney 05 November 2018

Soy sauce is not the all-purpose seasoning many of us treat it as – there are specific varieties best used in different ways for particular dishes. Clare Finney takes a look at the origins of this integral Chinese ingredient and the various ways it’s used today.

Looking back, it seems sacrilegious that our grandparents – even our parents – would bark ‘pass the salt’ without first trying their meat and two vegetables. Yet how many of us, when it comes to tucking into a bowl of steaming noodles or fat wontons, reach for the soy sauce in much the same way? It’s become a store cupboard staple; a regular feature of 61% of British kitchens, and comparable to mint sauce and apple sauce in sales value terms. Of course, not all soy sauces are equal. Long story short, soy sauce is made by steaming and fermenting soybeans for a few months before draining and filtering the rich, flavourful liquid. Short story long, this is a condiment of infinite variety, uses and quality.

The origins of soy sauce lie in China during the Han Dynasty (206 BCE–220 AD), where clever cooks fermented soy beans to make a paste. One of the world’s earliest seasonings, this paste eventually evolved into soy sauce and spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and Vietnam throughout subsequent centuries, adapting to each culture’s tastes and needs along the way. Chinese soy sauce and Japanese-style soy sauce (known as shoyu) are the most commonly available of these varieties – though shoyu is clearer and thinner than its ancestral counterpart. Equally, while both Japanese and Chinese soy sauces are divided into light and dark, between the countries these black and white distinctions mean quite different things.

Soy sauce
Recipe Collection
Soy-marinated and braised beef short rib with pickled carrots and crushed peanuts
by Michael Bremner

Light soy sauce is more common in Chinese cooking and is used for dipping sauces (think wontons and spring rolls), stir fries or light seasoning. If a Chinese recipe calls for soy sauce without any further clarification, it’s fair to assume it means light (though do make sure the ‘light’ refers to the type of sauce, not the amount of sodium it contains). Think of light soy sauce as China’s answer to salt – just with more flavour. It’s used for seasoning purposes and for the umami it can endow any savoury dishes with. Chinese dark soy sauce, meanwhile, is richer and less salty than light, often has added sugar like molasses, and is used mainly for colour and texture.

The inky colour and thick texture of Chinese dark soy sauce comes with ageing the liquid for longer. It is best used (sparingly – it’s not called dark for nothing) to lend a deep colour and rich body to stews, casseroles and noodles. As well as producing a premium dark soy sauce, brands such as Lee Kum Kee go one step further, with both a sweetened style of soy sauce with an almost treacly consistency (and therefore an ideal dipping sauce or condiment to be used at the table), and a more premium double deluxe soy sauce boasting an ‘ancient, secret double fermentation process’ which has been fermented twice for an even richer aroma and flavour.

The quality of soy sauce can vary massively too. Inferior chemically produced soy sauces are made over the course of about two days by hydrolysing soy protein – that is, the residue of soybean oil production – and combining it with corn syrup, caramel, added salt and other flavourings. They are a million miles away genuinely from traditional soy sauces and should be avoided at all costs. Just make sure you store it properly: like good olive oil, quality soy sauce is very susceptible to light and heat, so keep it in a cool dark place. It's easy to work out if a bottle of soy sauce is good quality – it should have no sediment at the bottom, it should have a strong, 'estery' aroma (think sweet and slightly fruity) and when you shake the bottle it should create a long-lasting foam at the top (a sign that the sauce is thick and viscous rather than thin and insipid). Once you've identified your soy sauce as being of high quality, the final test is of course to taste it – it should coat your mouth with a rich, full, long-lasting flavour. Once all those boxes are ticked, it's ready to be used as a dip, dressing, marinade or sauce!

Comments ()

A guide to soy sauce

 

Please enter text

Comments must be less than characters

Change your username in user settings to something more personal.

 

(Editing)

>

This comment was edited

Please enter text

Comments must be less than characters

Reply | | Edit | Delete Report

This comment has been deleted

Report this comment

Please state your report in the space below

Please enter text

Reports must be less than 750 characters

loading

>

Please enter text

Comments must be less than characters

(Editing)

>

This comment was edited

Please enter text

Comments must be less than characters

Reply | | Edit | Delete Report

This comment has been deleted

Report this comment

Please state your report in the space below

Please enter text

Reports must be less than 750 characters

loading

>

Please enter text

Comments must be less than characters

Be the first to leave a comment on this page...
...   ...
 

Please enter text

Comments must be less than characters

Change your username in user settings to something more personal.

 

You may also like

A guide to soy sauce
Soy sauce
Recipe Collection
Soy sauce poached chicken with ginger and spring onion oil
by Jeremy Pang
Essential Korean store cupboard ingredients
by Tom Wildman
Essential Chinese store cupboard ingredients
by Tom Wildman
Sweet and sour prawns
by Jeremy Pang
Real black bean beef
by Jeremy Pang
Soy-pickled quail eggs
by Pollyanna Coupland
Shichimi togarashi
by Victoria Glass
Soy-marinated and braised beef short rib with pickled carrots and crushed peanuts
by Michael Bremner
Furikake seasoning
by Dean Parker
Store cupboard essentials
Caramelised pink onion relish
by Victoria Glass
Gooseberry sauce
by Food Urchin
Soy coleslaw
by Shaun Hill
Caramelised chicory
by Josh Eggleton
Stir-fried minced pork with Thai basil and chilli oil
by Shu Han Lee
Supply chain: The Stonemason's Arms and Owton's Butchers
by Clare Finney
Beans and curds: handmade tofu from Yorkshire
by Clare Finney
Cantonese pork chops
by Jeremy Pang
Slow-braised ham hock in yellow bean sauce, white pepper and five-spice
by Jeremy Pang
Chinese red-cooked beef with noodles
by Shu Han Lee
Oyster sauce beef fillet and egg yolk claypot
by Jeremy Pang
Sichuan peppercorn brine for duck or pork
by The Kitchen with Great British Chefs
One-pot
Recipe Collection
Northern Ireland’s emerging cheese scene
by Clare Finney
Turducken: the origins of the multi-bird roast
by Clare Finney
A guide to butter
by Clare Finney
Sweet soy, ginger and lemongrass salmon skewers, black sesame and dried lime dressing
by Anna Hansen
Milk chocolate, soy sauce and Urfa chilli caramel truffle
by Anna Hansen
Braised beef with five-spice and star anise
by Richard Bainbridge
Sea bass with soy sauce meringue, pak choi and cauliflower
by Matt Gillan
Grilled mushrooms with rosemary, garlic and soy butter
by Ben Tish
Chicken donburi with soy-cured egg and pickled cabbage
by Louise Robinson
Mushroom salad with bitter herbs
by Kiln, Soho
Warm tofu in garlic and sesame sauce
by Monica Shaw
Salmon jerky
by Rosana McPhee
Chicken yakitori
by Helen Graves
Char siu pork
by Helen Graves
Black pepper glazed short rib bao
by Jeremy Pang
Cured beef heart
by Dean Parker
Duck breast glazed in soy with date purée, compressed pickled shiitake, fried walnut, pumpkin seeds
by Paul Foster
Spicy aubergine salad
by Martin Wishart
Soy and beetroot marinated salmon with fennel pollen cream
by Simon Hulstone
'Garlic prawn'
by Gareth Ward
Asian-style barbecued beef short ribs
by David Everitt-Matthias
Presa Iberica with melon ajo blanco
by Angel Zapata Martin
Rib-eye of beef with soy and spice
by Paul Heathcote
Soy, mirin and yuzu-marinated salmon with white radish, apple and cucumber salad
by Mark Dodson
How to cook with soy

NAVIGATE

© Great British Chefs 2019